The energy storage battery in a solar power supply system is a critical component used to store electrical energy generated from solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and release power when needed. The operating principle of energy storage batteries is as follows:

Charging stage: During the day, solar photovoltaic modules convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electrical energy. The charging controller will monitor the status of the battery to ensure that it is charged at the appropriate voltage and current. When the battery is fully charged, the charging controller will automatically stop or reduce the charging current to prevent overcharging and damage to the battery.

Storage stage: The energy storage battery stores the electrical energy generated during the charging stage. The energy storage capacity of a battery is expressed in ampere hours (Ah) or kilowatt hours (kWh). There are various types of energy storage batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, etc. The performance and lifespan of each type of battery vary.

Discharge stage: When at night or when there is insufficient sunlight, the solar power supply system needs to obtain electrical energy from the energy storage battery to supply the load. Inverters convert the direct current energy stored in batteries into alternating current (AC) energy for household or commercial use. When a battery is discharged, the chemical energy inside the battery is converted into electrical energy. During the discharge process, the charging controller will monitor the status of the battery to prevent over discharge and damage to the battery.  

Recycling: The energy storage battery in the solar power supply system needs to undergo cyclic charging and discharging. The lifespan of a battery is related to its number of cycles, degree of deep discharge, and maintenance and usage conditions. To extend battery life, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's recommended charging and discharging parameters and maintenance procedures.

In short, energy storage batteries in solar power systems act as energy buffers, ensuring stable power supply in the event of insufficient sunlight or increased demand. The operating principle of energy storage batteries includes stages such as charging, storage, discharging, and cyclic use.